Stainless steel

Austenitic, duplex and ferritic stainless steels for structures (EN 10088 with Eurocode 3 Part 1-4), and spring stainless strip.

Standard fromAnywhere

CEN

Austenitic stainless (EN 10088)

1.4301/1.4307 (304/304L) and the molybdenum grades 1.4401/1.4404 (316/316L). Strength depends on product form: cold rolled strip is guaranteed higher than plate or bar.

Grade	Standard	0.2 % proof strength at 10 mm	Tensile strength	Evidence
1.4301 The everyday austenitic stainless (304): fy 210 MPa plate, 230 MPa cold rolled strip.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 210 MPa1	≥ 520 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 57
1.4307 Low-carbon 304L: slightly lower strength than 1.4301, better after welding.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 200 MPa1	≥ 520 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 57
1.4401 Molybdenum austenitic (316): for coastal and de-icing salt exposure, fy 220 MPa plate.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 220 MPa1	≥ 530 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 58
1.4404 Low-carbon 316L, the usual molybdenum grade for welded structures.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 220 MPa1	≥ 530 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 58
1.4571 Titanium-stabilised 316 (Ti 5×C to 0.7 %); largely replaced by 1.4404.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 220 MPa1	≥ 540 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 55

Duplex stainless

About twice the proof strength of austenitic grades with similar or better corrosion resistance.

Grade	Standard	0.2 % proof strength at 10 mm	Tensile strength	Evidence
1.4162 Lean duplex: twice the proof strength of 304 (450 MPa plate) with little nickel.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 480 MPa1	≥ 680 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 57
1.4362 Duplex 2304: fy 400 MPa plate, corrosion resistance similar to 316.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 400 MPa1	≥ 650 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 54
1.4462 Duplex 2205: fy 460 MPa plate, corrosion resistance class IV for marine and chloride exposure.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 460 MPa1	≥ 700 MPa1	Corroborated 2 Single source 56

Ferritic stainless

Nickel-free or low-nickel, magnetic, lower thermal expansion; for mild environments.

Grade	Standard	0.2 % proof strength at 10 mm	Tensile strength	Evidence
1.4003 12 % chromium ferritic utility stainless: cheap, magnetic, corrosion resistance class I.	EN 10088-2/-3/-4/-5	≥ 280 MPa1	≥ 450 MPa1	Single source 55 Disagreements explained 1

Spring stainless strip

Cold-rolled austenitic strip whose strength is set by the degree of cold work.

Grade	Standard	0.2 % proof strength	Tensile strength	Evidence
1.4310 Austenitic spring stainless: 600 MPa annealed, cold rolled to 1 300–2 200 MPa for springs and spring clips.	EN 10151	≥ 250 MPa1	≥ 600 MPa1	Single source 13

Planned groups

Cold-worked CP350/CP500 (EN 1993-1-4 Table 2.3), 1.4318
EN 10151 tensile classes of 1.4310; precipitation-hardening 1.4568 (17-7PH)
Stainless bolts A2/A4-70 and -80 (ISO 3506)

Standards for stainless steel

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